Patriarchy or Gender Equality?
The title of this paper posed the question whether New Testament teachings are patriarchal or egalitarian.
Conclusion about the patriarchal half of the question should be clear.
Early Christian leaders opposed patriarchy, slavery, male domination, or attempts to control/exercise power over any other people.
But were they gender equalitarians? Certainly equality of all kinds (race, class, and gender, according to Galatians 3:28) lies at the heart of Christian practice, but there is not much evidence that achieving equality in it self was the goal of early Christian leaders. Rather, the equal and caring treatment of all, Jew or gentile, slave or free, male and female, was seen as one of many ingredients necessary to achieve the ultimate eschatology of union of the church with Christ.
This definition of equality would not satisfy a secular feminist, nor would secular feminism please an early Christian. In fact, the perspective promoted in Ephesians might denounce this century’s secular liberation movements as more evidence of the “worldly” struggle for power.
Striving to live lives that reflect an “awe of Christ,” gender equality means nothing unless it is joined with submission - the abandonment of striving to exercise power over each other. In this sense, New Testament Christianity sought to create a world that relied upon the transformative capacity of living by the Spirit and, hence, one that material considerations alone can neither explain nor sustain.
https://www.godswordtowomen.org/Patriarchy_or_gender_equality.pdf