What if we let go of the concept of “mental illness” altogether and adopt a very different set of assumptions:
(a) Human beings (and indeed all living organisms) strive continuously towards a healthy, enjoyable existence;
(b) moving towards and maintaining such an existence requires that we find relative peace with certain dilemmas that are inherent within our existence (e.g., death, loss, personal identity, balancing autonomy and relationship, balancing freedom and security, finding meaning, etc.);
(c) the more difficulty we have in finding relative peace with these dilemmas, the more we suffer; and finally
(d) some individuals, for various reasons and at different points in their lives, are particularly vulnerable/sensitive/aware of/challenged by these dilemmas and are therefore more prone to experiencing intense suffering associated with them.
Trying on a different lens—one that allows us to see those conditions we generally refer to as “mental illnesses” as instead the natural manifestations of an individual’s struggles with the fundamental dilemmas inherent in simply being alive.
So we make the shift from a “mental illness” paradigm to an “overwhelmed by natural human experience” paradigm.
The tragic truth is that our society has become so entrenched in the “mental illness” paradigm that many (and perhaps most) people now consider alternative perspectives a kind of ignorant quackery.
So, if we act from this different paradigm how do we go about offering alternative support for someone who is in so much “psychic pain” that they’re seriously considering taking their own life or possibly even causing serious harm to someone else.
A person overwhelmed by feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness reaches out for support, and what do they get? More often than not they are stripped of any last remnants of hope and self-empowerment and provided with a new set of problems in the form of substance dependence and the particularly disempowering “mental illness” paradigm as a means for making sense of their troubles.
There may be occasions where some psychoactive chemicals may provide some benefit, but rather than pretending to “correct a biochemical imbalance,” we name the drugs for what they really are—not “anxiolytic” or “anti-anxiety” medication but drugs that will numb you out for a while, maybe help you sleep; not “antipsychotic” medication or “mood stabilizers” but drugs that will tranquilize you and
really numb you out and make it difficult to remember what your problem was (perhaps); and not “antidepressants” but… well… uh… occasionally effective placebos(?)
Drugs are drugs, whether illicit drugs or psychiatric drugs. And what have drugs been shown to do time and time again? When effective, drugs provide some degree of short term relief and benefit but nearly always at the expense of significant long term harm.
The emerging “anti-stigma” movement provides a particularly ironic and tragic example of just how entrenched the “mental illness” paradigm has become in our society. This movement is supposed to embody the spirit of offering a more humane kind of support for individuals struggling with such crises and reducing the stigma and hopelessness that these people generally experience. And yet this very movement generally goes to great lengths to perpetuate the “mental illness” paradigm in spite of the strong evidence showing that this paradigm actually seriously exacerbates stigma—both stigma and fear from others as well as internalized stigma and the intense withdrawal and hopelessness that this so often entails
Why has the “mental illness” paradigm become so entrenched in our society?
A concept that is more appropriately used as a metaphor (the mind being “ill”) has somehow become interpreted as a fact.
Implicit in the term “mental illness” are two problematic assumptions:
(1) that the mind (our subjective experience) is nothing more than an epiphenomenon of the brain, and
(2) that unpleasant, disordered, or anomalous experiences occurring within one’s mind, imply some disease of the brain.
If someone experiences fear due to a threat, or sadness due to a loss, or confusion due to a new insight, of course we would find it absurd to consider these the manifestations of a diseased brain. But we also know that extreme and unusual subjective experiences can occur from causes that are less clear, such as what may arise from trauma, childhood abuse, or otherwise being overwhelmed by various core existential dilemmas. And unfortunately, it is these times when the catalysts are less clear that we are so quick to evoke the term “mental illness” and head down the path fueled by the assumptions associated with this term (i.e., that the brain must be diseased in some way and then treated as such). Once we head down this path, the “treatment” is likely to actually create a genuine brain disease. So what we find, then, is a positive (self-reinforcing) feedback loop between the increasing use of a flawed and oxymoronic concept, “mental illness,” and the increasing prevalence and the illusory validation of the “mental illness” paradigm within our society. --
Paris Williams, PhD
Rethinking Madness: With the rare perspective of someone who has experienced extreme states from both sides as a psychologist researcher and as someone with lived experience Paris draws from multiple perspectives to explore what it means to be “mad” in a "mad" society.