The Song of the Sea (15:1-18) is ancient enough to be close to the period when oral tradition was still fresh and close to the events of the Exodus:
"The Song of the Sea is noted for its archaic language. It is written in a style of Hebrew much older than that of the rest of Exodus. A number of scholars consider it the oldest surviving text describing
the Exodus, dating to the pre-monarchic period.<a href="
Song of the Sea - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a><a href="
Song of the Sea - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a> An alternative is that it was deliberately written in an archaic style, a known literary device.<a href="
Song of the Sea - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a> As such, proposed dates for its composition range from the 13th to the 5th century BCE.<a href="
Song of the Sea - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a>
A study by Rabbi Joshua Berman<a href="
Song of the Sea - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a> found that the Exodus sea account is an appropriation of the Kadesh Poem of
Ramesses II, based on a close textual analysis of both works. Berman asserts that the appropriation could have deliberate satirical intent, as part of an ideological battle with Ramesses II. Berman notes that the Kadesh illustrations also include an appearance of an
Ark of the Covenant and
Tabernacle which are in fact an Egyptian mobile altar, which traditionally were also golden boxes with winged
Isis and
Nephthys facing each other, and a space for a god's
cartouche to be seated between them."